Reflexive Verbs: Italian Grammar Lesson

An interactive lesson guiding you from key takeaways to expert insights. Comes with Q&A, useful vocabulary, interactive audio, quizzes and games.

Si pettina i capelli ogni mattina.
Si pettina i capelli ogni mattina.
Si pettina i capelli ogni mattina.
Published Sep 21, 2020
Updated May 6, 2026
Written by
Italian language tutor, course author. MEng, MBA. Member of the International Association of Hyperpolyglots (HYPIA). After learning 12 languages, I can tell you that we all master languages by listening and mimicking. I couldn’t find an app to recommend to my students, so I made my own one. With my method, you’ll be speaking Italian from Lesson 1.
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Key Takeaways

  • Reflexive verbs in Italian, or verbi riflessivi, indicate actions where the subject performs an action on itself.
  • In compound tenses, reflexive verbs use the auxiliary verb essere and the past participle agrees with the subject's gender and number.
  • Reflexive pronouns precede the verb in conjugated forms but follow in non-conjugated forms, such as infinitives.
  • Common reflexive verbs include lavarsi (to wash oneself) and svegliarsi (to wake up), which are essential for daily conversations.
  • Not all transitive verbs are reflexive; some verbs may appear reflexive but are classified as false reflexive verbs.

Stefano's Insights

Play to see captions...
Ah, i verbi riflessivi, una delle gioie (o dolori) dell'apprendimento dell'italiano! Sono quei verbi dove il soggetto e l'oggetto coincidono, come quando diciamo "mi lavo" invece di "lavo il mio cane". È come un piccolo gioco di specchi linguistico. Ricorda che nei tempi composti, i verbi riflessivi usano sempre l'ausiliare 'essere', e il participio passato si accorda in genere e numero col soggetto. Una volta, mentre insegnavo italiano a un gruppo di studenti, uno di loro si è confuso e ha detto "mi sono mangiato" invece di "ho mangiato". Abbiamo riso tutti, ma è stato un perfetto esempio di come i verbi riflessivi possano giocare brutti scherzi! Quindi, pratica, pratica e ancora pratica, e vedrai che diventeranno i tuoi migliori amici nella descrizione della tua giornata!
Ah, reflexive verbs, one of the joys (or pains) of learning Italian! They're those verbs where the subject and object coincide, like when we say "mi lavo" instead of "lavo il mio cane". It's like a little linguistic mirror game. Remember that in compound tenses, reflexive verbs always use the auxiliary 'essere', and the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject. Once, while teaching Italian to a group of students, one got confused and said "mi sono mangiato" instead of "ho mangiato". We all laughed, but it was a perfect example of how reflexive verbs can play tricks! So, practice, practice, and more practice, and you'll see they become your best friends in describing your day!

Quick facts

What are reflexive verbs in Italian?

Reflexive verbs, or "verbi riflessivi," are transitive verbs where the subject and object coincide, like "mi lavo" (I wash myself).

How do reflexive pronouns function in Italian sentences?

Reflexive pronouns precede finite verbs and follow non-finite verbs, adhering to specific grammatical rules.

Can you give an example of a transitive non-reflexive verb in Italian?

"Io lavo il mio cane" (I wash my dog) showcases a transitive non-reflexive verb.

How do reflexive verbs differ from non-reflexive verbs in Italian?

Reflexive verbs have subjects and objects that coincide, unlike non-reflexive verbs, where they differ.

What auxiliary verb do reflexive verbs use in compound tenses?

Reflexive verbs always use "essere" (to be) as the auxiliary verb in compound tenses.

How do reflexive verbs show agreement in compound tenses?

The past participle in reflexive verbs agrees in gender and number with the subject, e.g., "mi sono lavata."

Can you provide examples of reflexive verbs in the present tense?

"Mi alzo" (I get up), "mi siedo" (I sit), and "mi vesto" (I dress myself) are present tense reflexive verbs.

How is the passato prossimo formed for reflexive verbs?

Reflexive verbs in passato prossimo use "essere" plus the past participle, like "mi sono vestito/a" (I dressed myself).

Are all transitive verbs reflexive?

No, while all reflexive verbs are transitive, not all transitive verbs are reflexive.

How do reflexive pronouns behave with non-conjugated verbs?

Reflexive pronouns follow non-conjugated verbs, as in "mi piace vestirmi elegante" (I like dressing up elegantly).

Audio images

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Mi sono pettinato i capelli.
🔊
I bambini si pettinano ogni mattina.
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Si pettina i capelli ogni mattina.
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Main Article

What are Reflexive Verbs?

Reflexive verbs, or verbi riflessivi in Italian, are a special type of transitive verbs where the subject and the object coincide.

Look at the following pair of sentences:

  • Transitive non-reflexive verb:

Io lavo il mio cane.

I wash my dog.

Io is the subject, lavo is the verb, and il mio cane is the direct object of the sentence: in fact, the verb is a transitive verb and therefore the object is directly linked to it without the use of any preposition.

  • Reflexive verb:

Io mi lavo.

I wash myself.

Io is the subject as above, lavo is the verb, but here mi is a reflexive pronoun that stands for “me stesso/a” (myself). This object is still a direct object, because the verb is still a transitive verb, but in this case it coincides with the subject.

Since we are dealing with pronouns, remember the rules that Italian pronouns must follow:

  • They precede the verb when the verb is:
    • A finite verb, that is, a verb that displays tense, person, and number (present, past, future etc…)
    • Formal imperative, that is, the imperative form with the formal “lei”.
  • They follow the verb when the verb is:
    • A non-finite verb, that is, a verb that displays no tense, no person, no number (gerund, participle; infinitive is pretty flexible, so you can find both!)
    • Informal imperative, that is, the imperative form with the informal “tu”

Therefore, in this example the reflexive verb is preceded by the reflexive pronoun. However, since it coincides with the subject, it is the same as if saying:

Io mi lavo = Io lavo me stesso/a.

I wash myself.

Some verbs behave like reflexive verbs, but technically they’re not reflexive. They’re called false reflexive verbs.

Italian Reflexive Verbs

Conjugation

Here’s the conjugation of the presente and passato prossimo of some of the most used reflexive verbs in Italian:

Presente:

Vestirsi (dress up) Truccarsi (put  makeup on) Svegliarsi (wake up) Alzarsi (get up) Prepararsi (get ready) Addormentarsi (fall asleep) Lavarsi (wash)
Io mi vesto mi trucco mi sveglio mi alzo mi preparo mi addormento mi lavo
Tu ti vesti ti trucchi ti svegli ti alzi ti prepari ti addormenti ti lavi
Lui/Lei si veste si trucca si sveglia si alza si prepara si addormenta si lava
Noi ci vestiamo ci trucchiamo ci svegliamo ci alziamo ci prepariamo ci addormentiamo ci laviamo
Voi vi vestite vi truccate vi svegliate vi alzate vi preparate vi addormentate vi lavate
Loro si vestono si truccano si svegliano si alzano si preparano si addormentano si lavano

Passato prossimo:

Vestirsi (dress up) Truccarsi (put makeup on) Svegliarsi (wake up) Alzarsi (get up) Prepararsi (get ready) Addormentarsi (fall asleep) Lavarsi (wash)
Io mi sono vestito/a mi sono truccato/a mi sono svegliato/a mi sono alzato/a mi sono preparato/a mi sono addormentato/a mi sono lavato/a
Tu ti sei vestito/a ti sei truccato/a ti sei svegliato/a ti sei alzato/a ti sei preparato/a ti sei addormentato/a ti sei lavato/a
Lui/Lei si è vestito/a si è truccato/a si è svegliato/a si è alzato/a si è preparato/a si è addormentato/a si è lavato/a
Noi ci siamo vestiti/e ci siamo truccati/e ci siamo svegliati/e ci siamo alzati/e ci siamo preparati/e ci siamo addormentati/e ci siamo lavati/e
Voi vi siete vestiti/e vi siete truccati/e vi siete svegliati/e vi siete alzati/e vi siete preparati/e vi siete addormentati/e vi siete lavati/e
Loro si sono vestiti/e si sono truccati/e si sono svegliati/e si sono alzati/e si sono preparati/e si sono addormentati/e si sono lavati/e

I chose these two verb tenses specifically because I wanted to show you the grammatical behavior of the reflexive pronouns and the past participle. At this point of your Italian language knowledge, I am sure you perfectly know what happens here, but it is always good to remind it.

To practice, read some more examples and try to find the reflexive pronoun!

Mi sveglio presto per andare in palestra.

I wake (myself) up early to go to the gym.

Ieri Carla si è alzata alle 10.

Yesterday Carla got up at 10.

Gli atleti si cambiano negli spogliatoi.

The athletes get changed in the locker rooms.

Oggi ti sei vestito proprio male.

Today you really dressed badly.

Lavati sempre le mani prima di mangiare.

Always wash your hands before eating.

What to Remember About Italian Reflexive Verbs

Here is a list of some things to remember when dealing with reflexive verbs:

  • All reflexive verbs are transitive verbs, but not all transitive verbs can be reflexive.
  • In compound tenses, reflexive verbs always select the auxiliary verb essere (to be) and the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject.

Mi sono lavata.

I washed myself.

  • When the verb is conjugated, the reflexive pronoun precedes the verb.

Mi vesto.

I dress myself.

Lui si lava.

He washes himself.

  • When it is not conjugated, the reflexive pronoun follows the verb.

Mi piace vestirmi elegante.

I like dressing up (myself) elegantly.

Now you have all the tools to perfectly master Italian reflexive verbs. Practice their use in your daily conversations, and get ready to describe your day with these verbs!

Key Terms and Concepts

Reflexive Verbs

Verbi riflessivi are verbs where the subject and object are the same. They are a special type of transitive verbs.

Reflexive Pronoun

A pronoun used with reflexive verbs that reflects the action back to the subject, such as mi for 'myself'.

Finite Verb

A verb form that shows tense, person, and number, and acts as the main verb in a sentence, like the present or past tense.

Non-fin-ite Verb

A verb form that does not show tense, person, or number, such as gerunds, participles, and infinitives.

Presente Tense

The present tense form used to describe actions happening currently, like mi sveglio (I wake up).

Passato Prossimo

A past tense in Italian, formed with an auxiliary verb and a past participle, indicating completed actions.

Test your knowledge in 10 quick questions

Words

lavarsito wash oneself
svegliarsito wake up
vestirsito dress oneself
addormentarsito fall asleep
rilassarsito relax
divertirsito enjoy oneself
sentirsito feel (oneself)
mettersito put on (oneself)
chiamarsito call oneself
preoccuparsito worry (oneself)

Phrases

mi lavoI wash myself
ci svegliamowe wake up
si vestehe/she dresses
farsi la barbato shave oneself
si addormentahe/she falls asleep
lavarsi i dentito brush one's teeth
pettinarsito comb oneself
truccarsito put on makeup
rilassarsito relax oneself
preoccuparsito worry (oneself)

Sentences

Mi alzo presto ogni mattina.

I get up early every morning.

Dopo la doccia, mi pettino i capelli.

After the shower, I comb my hair.

Ci divertiamo sempre al parco.

We always enjoy ourselves at the park.

Mi preparo per uscire con gli amici.

I get ready to go out with friends.

Non ti dimenticare di lavarti i denti.

Don't forget to brush your teeth.

Match the Phrases

Memory game

Flip the cards to find matching pairs!

Crossword

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Answers

FAQs

How do you write reflexive verbs in Italian?

Italian reflexive verbs are like regular verbs, but with a twist! You have to use the reflexive pronouns (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si) before the conjugations, unlike in English, where they go afterwards.

Do all Italian reflexive verbs take essere?

Italian compound tenses in reflexive mode take essere as their auxiliary verb, but otherwise conjugate like any other non-reflexive verb - just don't forget to add the reflexive pronouns mi, ti, si, ci, vi, and si!

How do you use reflexive verbs in a sentence?

Reflexive verbs are used to express that the subject of a sentence has performed an action on itself. In other words, the subject of a reflexive sentence is the same as its object.

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