Reflexive Verbs: Italian Grammar Lesson

An interactive lesson guiding you from key takeaways to expert insights. Comes with Q&A, useful vocabulary, interactive audio, quizzes and games.

Si pettina i capelli ogni mattina.
Si pettina i capelli ogni mattina.
Si pettina i capelli ogni mattina.
Published Sep 21, 2020
Updated Apr 9, 2025
Written by
Italian language tutor, course author. MEng, MBA. Member of the International Association of Hyperpolyglots (HYPIA). After learning 12 languages, I can tell you that we all master languages by listening and mimicking. I couldn’t find an app to recommend to my students, so I made my own one. With my method, you’ll be speaking Italian from Lesson 1.
Reviewed by
A linguist specializing in psycholinguistics and Italian language education. I hold a Research Master’s in Linguistics and teach Italian, passionately connecting research with practical teaching.

Key Takeaways

  • Reflexive verbs in Italian, or verbi riflessivi, indicate actions where the subject performs an action on itself.
  • In compound tenses, reflexive verbs use the auxiliary verb essere and the past participle agrees with the subject's gender and number.
  • Reflexive pronouns precede the verb in conjugated forms but follow in non-conjugated forms, such as infinitives.
  • Common reflexive verbs include lavarsi (to wash oneself) and svegliarsi (to wake up), which are essential for daily conversations.
  • Not all transitive verbs are reflexive; some verbs may appear reflexive but are classified as false reflexive verbs.

Audio images

🔊
Si pettina i capelli ogni mattina.
🔊
I bambini si pettinano ogni mattina.
🔊
Mi sono pettinato i capelli.

Audio lesson with 30 sentences to listen and repeat

Italian grammar video lesson

Main Article

What are Reflexive Verbs?

Reflexive verbs, or verbi riflessivi in Italian, are a special type of transitive verbs where the subject and the object coincide.

Look at the following pair of sentences:

  • Transitive non-reflexive verb:

Io lavo il mio cane.

I wash my dog.

Io is the subject, lavo is the verb, and il mio cane is the direct object of the sentence: in fact, the verb is a transitive verb and therefore the object is directly linked to it without the use of any preposition.

  • Reflexive verb:

Io mi lavo.

I wash myself.

Io is the subject as above, lavo is the verb, but here mi is a reflexive pronoun that stands for “me stesso/a” (myself). This object is still a direct object, because the verb is still a transitive verb, but in this case it coincides with the subject.

Since we are dealing with pronouns, remember the rules that Italian pronouns must follow:

  • They precede the verb when the verb is:
    • A finite verb, that is, a verb that displays tense, person, and number (present, past, future etc…)
    • Formal imperative, that is, the imperative form with the formal “lei”.
  • They follow the verb when the verb is:
    • A non-finite verb, that is, a verb that displays no tense, no person, no number (gerund, participle; infinitive is pretty flexible, so you can find both!)
    • Informal imperative, that is, the imperative form with the informal “tu”

Therefore, in this example the reflexive verb is preceded by the reflexive pronoun. However, since it coincides with the subject, it is the same as if saying:

Io mi lavo = Io lavo me stesso/a.

I wash myself.

Some verbs behave like reflexive verbs, but technically they’re not reflexive. They’re called false reflexive verbs.

Italian Reflexive Verbs

Conjugation

Here’s the conjugation of the presente and passato prossimo of some of the most used reflexive verbs in Italian:

Presente:

Vestirsi (dress up) Truccarsi (put  makeup on) Svegliarsi (wake up) Alzarsi (get up) Prepararsi (get ready) Addormentarsi (fall asleep) Lavarsi (wash)
Io mi vesto mi trucco mi sveglio mi alzo mi preparo mi addormento mi lavo
Tu ti vesti ti trucchi ti svegli ti alzi ti prepari ti addormenti ti lavi
Lui/Lei si veste si trucca si sveglia si alza si prepara si addormenta si lava
Noi ci vestiamo ci trucchiamo ci svegliamo ci alziamo ci prepariamo ci addormentiamo ci laviamo
Voi vi vestite vi truccate vi svegliate vi alzate vi preparate vi addormentate vi lavate
Loro si vestono si truccano si svegliano si alzano si preparano si addormentano si lavano

Passato prossimo:

Vestirsi (dress up) Truccarsi (put makeup on) Svegliarsi (wake up) Alzarsi (get up) Prepararsi (get ready) Addormentarsi (fall asleep) Lavarsi (wash)
Io mi sono vestito/a mi sono truccato/a mi sono svegliato/a mi sono alzato/a mi sono preparato/a mi sono addormentato/a mi sono lavato/a
Tu ti sei vestito/a ti sei truccato/a ti sei svegliato/a ti sei alzato/a ti sei preparato/a ti sei addormentato/a ti sei lavato/a
Lui/Lei si è vestito/a si è truccato/a si è svegliato/a si è alzato/a si è preparato/a si è addormentato/a si è lavato/a
Noi ci siamo vestiti/e ci siamo truccati/e ci siamo svegliati/e ci siamo alzati/e ci siamo preparati/e ci siamo addormentati/e ci siamo lavati/e
Voi vi siete vestiti/e vi siete truccati/e vi siete svegliati/e vi siete alzati/e vi siete preparati/e vi siete addormentati/e vi siete lavati/e
Loro si sono vestiti/e si sono truccati/e si sono svegliati/e si sono alzati/e si sono preparati/e si sono addormentati/e si sono lavati/e

I chose these two verb tenses specifically because I wanted to show you the grammatical behavior of the reflexive pronouns and the past participle. At this point of your Italian language knowledge, I am sure you perfectly know what happens here, but it is always good to remind it.

To practice, read some more examples and try to find the reflexive pronoun!

Mi sveglio presto per andare in palestra.

I wake (myself) up early to go to the gym.

Ieri Carla si è alzata alle 10.

Yesterday Carla got up at 10.

Gli atleti si cambiano negli spogliatoi.

The athletes get changed in the locker rooms.

Oggi ti sei vestito proprio male.

Today you really dressed badly.

Lavati sempre le mani prima di mangiare.

Always wash your hands before eating.

What to Remember About Italian Reflexive Verbs

Here is a list of some things to remember when dealing with reflexive verbs:

  • All reflexive verbs are transitive verbs, but not all transitive verbs can be reflexive.
  • In compound tenses, reflexive verbs always select the auxiliary verb essere (to be) and the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject.

Mi sono lavata.

I washed myself.

  • When the verb is conjugated, the reflexive pronoun precedes the verb.

Mi vesto.

I dress myself.

Lui si lava.

He washes himself.

  • When it is not conjugated, the reflexive pronoun follows the verb.

Mi piace vestirmi elegante.

I like dressing up (myself) elegantly.

Now you have all the tools to perfectly master Italian reflexive verbs. Practice their use in your daily conversations, and get ready to describe your day with these verbs!

Key Terms and Concepts

Words

lavarsito wash oneself
svegliarsito wake up
vestirsito dress oneself
addormentarsito fall asleep
rilassarsito relax
divertirsito enjoy oneself
sentirsito feel (oneself)
mettersito put on (oneself)
chiamarsito call oneself
preoccuparsito worry (oneself)

Phrases

mi lavoI wash myself
ci svegliamowe wake up
si vestehe/she dresses
farsi la barbato shave oneself
si addormentahe/she falls asleep
lavarsi i dentito brush one's teeth
pettinarsito comb oneself
truccarsito put on makeup
rilassarsito relax oneself
preoccuparsito worry (oneself)

Sentences

Mi alzo presto ogni mattina.

I get up early every morning.

Dopo la doccia, mi pettino i capelli.

After the shower, I comb my hair.

Ci divertiamo sempre al parco.

We always enjoy ourselves at the park.

Mi preparo per uscire con gli amici.

I get ready to go out with friends.

Non ti dimenticare di lavarti i denti.

Don't forget to brush your teeth.

FAQs

How do you write reflexive verbs in Italian?

Italian reflexive verbs are like regular verbs, but with a twist! You have to use the reflexive pronouns (mi, ti, si, ci, vi, si) before the conjugations, unlike in English, where they go afterwards.

Do all Italian reflexive verbs take essere?

Italian compound tenses in reflexive mode take essere as their auxiliary verb, but otherwise conjugate like any other non-reflexive verb - just don't forget to add the reflexive pronouns mi, ti, si, ci, vi, and si!

How do you use reflexive verbs in a sentence?

Reflexive verbs are used to express that the subject of a sentence has performed an action on itself. In other words, the subject of a reflexive sentence is the same as its object.

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