(B2) Upper-intermediate

At an upper-intermediate level, you can understand the main ideas of complex Italian text on both concrete and abstract topics, including technical discussions in your field of specialization.
You can interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party.
Finally, you can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various options.

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Da una parte… dall’altra: Italian grammar lesson 201

Da una parte… dall’altra: Italian grammar lesson 201

Ready to level up your Italian? Dive into the nuances of expressing contrasting ideas with “Da una parte… dall’altra”. This guide will show you how to balance your sentences like a pro, whether you’re chatting with friends or penning an eloquent essay. 🇮🇹✍️

  • Starting Sentences: Kick off with “Da una parte…” to introduce your first point. It’s like saying “On one hand…” in English, setting the stage for a contrast.
  • Introducing the Flip Side: Follow up with “dall’altra…” to bring in the second idea. It’s your “On the other hand…” moment, adding depth to your discussion.
  • Adding Connectors: Spice it up with “e” (and) or “ma” (but) before “dall’altra…” for that extra punch. It’s like saying “but on the other hand…” to highlight the contrast.
  • Keep It Casual: When speaking, use this structure for quick, back-and-forth ideas. It’s a conversational gem that’ll make you sound like a native!
  • Writing with Flair: In written Italian, especially formal texts, expand on your ideas. Longer sentences show off your language skills and let you delve deeper into your points.
  • Examples Galore: The guide is packed with examples to illustrate how “Da una parte… dall’altra” works in action. Mimic these to sound like a true Italiano!
How to say “not only…but also”: Italian grammar lesson 195

How to say “not only…but also”: Italian grammar lesson 195

Unlock the secrets of expressing complex ideas in Italian with ease! Learn how to master the “non solo…ma anche” construction to add emphasis, surprise, and balance to your Italian conversations. 🇮🇹✨
  • Emphasize like a pro by using non solo…ma anche to highlight not just one, but two important points in your Italian chats.
  • Keep your listeners on their toes with unexpected twists by following up a common fact with a more surprising one using non solo…ma anche.
  • Maintain balance in your sentences by ensuring the parts of speech match after both non solo and ma anche. Symmetry is key! 🔄
  • Don’t mix and match! Avoid awkward sentences by keeping adjectives with adjectives and verbs with verbs when using this two-part expression.
  • Remember, splitting is fine! You can separate non solo and ma anche in a sentence, and it’ll still make perfect sense.
Phrasal verbs: Italian grammar lesson 184

Phrasal verbs: Italian grammar lesson 184

Unlock the secrets of Italian conversation with our guide to phrasal verbs! Learn how these unique verb-preposition combos can add flair to your Italian and express complex ideas with ease. 🇮🇹✨

  • Get the gist: Phrasal verbs like bump into or come up with might stump you in English. They’re two-part verbs that pack a punch with meaning you can’t guess from the words alone. 🤔
  • Italian’s got them too: Surprise! Italian throws these curveballs as well. Phrases like Buttare giù or Dare addosso a are Italian’s answer to phrasal verbs. They’re just as tricky but twice as fun. 🎉
  • Meaning matters: Don’t get lost in translation! Essere fuori doesn’t mean “to be outside” but “to be crazy”. Context is king when it comes to phrasal verbs. 👑
  • Use them right: Want to sound like a local? Sprinkle some phrasal verbs into your chit-chat. Saying Portare avanti instead of just “continue” can give your Italian that authentic zing. 🌟
  • Practice makes perfect: These examples aren’t just to admire. Use them! Drop a Mettere dentro in a conversation about a recent movie plot. Watch your Italian pals’ eyes light up with delight! 🚀
  • Real-life relevance: Phrasal verbs aren’t just textbook material; they’re everyday speech. From Tirare su (to raise) to Venire giù (to collapse), they describe real stuff happening around us. 🌐
Sembra che + subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 215

Sembra che + subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 215

Unlock the secrets of expressing opinions in Italian with flair! Dive into the nuances of using “sembra che” with the subjunctive mood to convey thoughts like a native speaker. 🇮🇹✨

  • Get the Basics: Master the phrase “sembra che” to share opinions, not facts. Just pop in the subjunctive form of the verb and you’re golden! 🌟
  • Personal Touch: Add pronouns like “mi, ti, gli” before “sembra” to personalize your statement. It’s all about that Italian charm! 😉
  • Subjunctive Variety: Play with all four subjunctive tenses – presente, imperfetto, passato, and trapassato – to match your mood and timeframe. 🕒
  • Present Tense: Use “congiuntivo presente” for current opinions. Think “Sembra che lei abbia ragione” when you reckon someone’s right now. 👍
  • Imperfect Subjunctive: Reflect on past opinions with “congiuntivo imperfetto”. “Sembrava che tu volessi andare via” is perfect for past hunches. 🤔
  • Past Subjunctive: When you’re discussing completed actions, “congiuntivo passato” is your go-to. Use it like “Sembra che abbiano portato via tutto” to talk about things that have happened. 🧐
  • Past Perfect Subjunctive: For opinions on actions that were completed before another past event, “congiuntivo trapassato” is the tense you need. 🔄
  • Keep Learning: Don’t stop here! Dive deeper into the subjunctive with phrases like “magari” and “prima che” to sound even more Italian. 📚
In caso + subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 213

In caso + subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 213

Unlock the secrets of expressing possibilities in Italian with ease! Our guide dives into the nuances of the subjunctive mood, showing you how to convey hypothetical situations across different tenses with practical examples. 🇮🇹✨

  • Subjunctive Mood Mastery: Learn to use the congiuntivo to articulate possibilities, from likely scenarios to long shots, in both present and past contexts.
  • Present Possibilities: Use congiuntivo presente for present situations that are more probable. For example, “In caso tu voglia venire” means “In case you want to come”.
  • Less Likely Present: Opt for congiuntivo imperfetto when the present situation seems less likely. “In caso tu volessi venire” translates to “In case you wanted to come”.
  • Past Probabilities: When referring to past events that were likely, use congiuntivo passato. For instance, “Nel caso in cui tu abbia finito” means “In case you finished”.
  • Improbable Past: For less likely past events, the congiuntivo trapassato is your go-to. “Nel caso in cui tu avessi finito” translates as “In case you had finished”.
  • Interchangeable Phrases: Remember, “in caso” and “nel caso in cui” are synonyms, so feel free to use them interchangeably to fit your style. 🔄
How to use “quello che”: Italian grammar lesson 183

How to use “quello che”: Italian grammar lesson 183

Unlock the nuances of the Italian word “quello che” and master the art of saying “what” like a native. Dive into the context-driven world of Italian translations with practical examples and a lyrical twist!

  • Context is Key: The Italian “quello che” can mean “what,” but it’s all about the context. Remember, it’s not a one-size-fits-all translation! 🌐
  • Literal vs. Natural: While “quello che” translates to “that which,” opt for “what” to sound more natural in English. Don’t get caught up in word-for-word translations! 📖
  • Music to Your Ears: Song lyrics can be a goldmine for learning. Fabrizio De André’s tunes are not just melodious but also a lesson in Italian language. 🎶
  • Examples Galore: Get your hands on as many examples as you can. They’re the secret sauce to understanding the use of “quello che” in everyday Italian. 🗣️
  • Practice Makes Perfect: Try using “quello che” in your own sentences. Practice with a friend or in front of a mirror to boost your confidence. 💬
Credere di: Italian grammar lesson 190

Credere di: Italian grammar lesson 190

Dive into the nuances of Italian with our breakdown of “credere di”! Master when to use this phrase over “credere che” and seamlessly blend verbs in the infinitive for that authentic Italian flair. 🇮🇹✨

  • Understanding “credere di”: Get the hang of using credere di when you’re continuing the action with another verb in the infinitive. It’s like saying “I believe I can…” in English. 🤔
  • Same Subject Simplicity: Use credere di when the subject of both actions is the same. No need to repeat yourself; Italians get it! 🙋‍♂️🙋‍♀️
  • Infinitive Flexibility: Whether it’s present or past, credere di plays well with both. Choose mangiare or aver mangiato depending on your timeline. ⏳
  • Switching Subjects: If you’re changing the subject mid-sentence, switch to credere che. Keep things clear when the doer of the action changes. 👥
  • Practical Examples: Absorb the concept with real-life examples. From thinking you’re funny to believing you’ve made the right choice, see how Italians express it. 😄👍
How to say “according to”: Italian grammar lesson 202

How to say “according to”: Italian grammar lesson 202

Unlock the secrets of expressing opinions and referencing facts in Italian like a pro! Dive into the nuances of using secondo and in base a to sound like a native when discussing ideas and supporting your arguments.

  • Master Secondo: Learn to channel your inner Italian by quoting others’ views or stating your own with this versatile word. Whether it’s Paolo’s thoughts or your own, secondo has got your back!
  • Opinions Matter: Got a hot take? Say it with confidence using secondo me. It’s the Italian way to say, “In my opinion,” and it’s your ticket to sounding like a local.
  • Get Factual with In base a: When you need to back your claims with solid evidence, this phrase is your go-to. It’s like saying “based on” but with that Italian flair that makes your argument irresistible.
  • Flexibility is Key: Whether it’s emotions from a book or cold, hard science, in base a molds to your context. Use it to align your reasoning with anything from feelings to facts.
  • Agreement Savvy: Negotiating a deal? Discussing terms? In base agli accordi is your phrase to clarify that you’re talking terms and conditions. It’s business-speak with an Italian twist.
  • Instructions Included: When you’re following guidelines or instructions, in base alle loro indicazioni shows you’re not just making stuff up. You’re acting on solid advice, Italian-style.
Non sapevo che + subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 211

Non sapevo che + subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 211

Dive into the nuances of Italian grammar with our guide on using “Non sapevo che” followed by the subjunctive mood. Perfect your conversational skills and impress locals with your impeccable Italian!

  • Subjunctive Mood Basics: Refresh your memory on the congiuntivo presente and congiuntivo passato to nail the structure of expressing doubt or uncertainty in Italian.
  • Imperfect Indicative: Pair Non + sapere in the imperfect indicative with che + subjunctive to convey past unawareness of a fact or situation.
  • Conjugation Reminder: Don’t forget the conjugation of sapere in the indicative imperfect. It’s crucial for constructing sentences that express past ignorance.
  • Real-life Examples: See how Italians use this structure in everyday conversation. It’s a game-changer for sounding like a native speaker!
  • Common Mistakes: Even Italians slip up, often using the indicative imperfect instead of the subjunctive. But remember, for formal writing, stick to the rules!
The Past Infinitive I: Italian grammar lesson 192

The Past Infinitive I: Italian grammar lesson 192

Unlock the secrets of Italian’s past with the infinito passato! This guide will show you how to master the past infinitive form, adding depth to your Italian conversations and writings with ease.

  • Infinito Passato Basics: Discover how to form the past infinitive in Italian, a tense that’s perfect for expressing actions that have been completed, like aver mangiato (to have eaten).
  • Transitive Verb Twist: Learn the trick with transitive verbs: just pair avere with the past participle. Say goodbye to confusion and hello to phrases like avere cantato (to have sung)!
  • Intransitive Verb Agreement: Intransitive verbs need a bit more attention. Make sure the past participle agrees with the subject in gender and number, like essere andato/a (to have gone).
  • Reflexive Verb Rules: Tackle reflexive verbs by adding the reflexive pronoun to essere. Nail this, and you’ll be saying essermi perso/a (to have been lost) like a pro!
  • Real-Life Examples: Get the hang of it with practical examples. They’ll show you how to weave the past infinitive into everyday situations, making your Italian sound more natural.
Formal imperative with pronouns: Italian grammar lesson 206

Formal imperative with pronouns: Italian grammar lesson 206

Ready to boss around in Italian with class? 🇮🇹 Dive into our guide and master the art of the formal imperative with pronouns. From commanding with courtesy to combining pronouns like a pro, we’ve got all the tips you need!

  • Imperative Basics: The imperative mood is your go-to for giving orders. In Italian, it changes its tune when you’re talking to your boss versus your buddy. 🤵👬
  • Formal Endings: Roll out the red carpet for verbs ending in -are, -ere, and -ire with fancy endings like -i, -a, and -isca. It’s how Italians show respect. 🎩
  • Pronoun Power: Pronouns are the secret sauce for snappy sentences. Direct or indirect, these little words will have you pointing fingers without lifting one. 👉
  • Direct Object Pronouns: When using direct object pronouns with the formal imperative, remember to put them before the verb. It’s like saying “Please, do it, but with Italian flair!” 🍝
  • Indirect Object Pronouns: Need to say “Tell him” with a touch of class? Indirect object pronouns also go before the verb in the formal imperative. It’s the Italian way of saying you care… but formally. 💌
  • Combo Move: When direct meets indirect, it’s a pronoun party. Combine them for a double whammy of politeness and efficiency. “Please, give it to her” becomes a smooth glielo dia. 🎉
Giving formal instructions: Italian grammar lesson 205

Giving formal instructions: Italian grammar lesson 205

Ready to level up your Italian with some class? Dive into the art of the formal “you” in Italian, mastering the polite lei and nailing the formal imperative like a pro. Say goodbye to awkward encounters and hello to smooth, respectful conversations!

  • Know Your Pronouns: Swap the casual tu for lei when you’re aiming to be polite. It’s like putting on a suit for your words – dress them up to impress!
  • Conjugation is Key: Remember, lei gets the same treatment as she/her in conjugation. Don’t mix it up, or you’ll be serving casual talk on a formal platter. 😬
  • Imperative Mood, Fancy Footwork: Giving orders? Do it with grace using the formal imperative. Think of it as the difference between a shout and a gentleman’s request. 🎩
  • -are Verbs: Add an -i to the root of -are verbs for formal commands. It’s like saying “please” without actually saying it. 🙏
  • -ere and -ire Verbs: Stick an -a on those bad boys. It’s the verbal equivalent of holding the door open for someone. Chivalry in conjugation! 🚪
  • Irregulars, the Cool Kids: These verbs don’t follow the crowd. Learn their unique formal commands to avoid being the language equivalent of a fashion faux pas. 😎
The negative formal imperative: Italian grammar lesson 207

The negative formal imperative: Italian grammar lesson 207

Master the art of politeness in Italian with our guide on the formal imperative! Learn to give commands with grace in various formal scenarios, and even how to say “Don’t!” with a touch of class. 😉

  • Respect Your Elders: Use the formal imperative when addressing someone older. It’s not just about age—it’s about showing cortesia (courtesy)!
  • Stranger Danger: Not BFFs yet? Stick to the formal imperative with strangers. It’s the Italian way of keeping things professionale (professional).
  • Formal Event: At a fancy shindig? The formal imperative is your linguistic tuxedo. Dress your verbs to impress!
  • Regular Verb Endings: Got verbs ending in –are, –ere, or –ire? Add –i, –a, or –a/isca for a touch of formality.
  • Irregulars Need Love Too: Irregular verbs like avere and essere have their own swanky endings. Remember, abbi a heart and sii kind to them!
  • Just Say “Non”: Need to negate? Slap a non in front of the formal imperative. It’s the polite way to put your foot down.
  • Pronoun Placement: Pronouns like lo and ci cozy up right before the verb. Keep them close; they’re your grammatical buddies.
  • Don’t Forget “Non” with Pronouns: Even when pronouns join the party, non still leads the conga line right before them. It’s the grammar dance of diplomacy!
Past conditional tense: Italian grammar lesson

Past conditional tense: Italian grammar lesson

Unlock the secrets of expressing heartfelt regrets and hypothetical past scenarios in Italian with our guide to mastering the past conditional tense. Learn how to convey what could’ve been with ease!

  • Grasp the Basics: The past conditional in Italian is your go-to for expressing “would have” moments. It’s like looking back and saying, “I would have eaten that last slice of pizza, if only…” 🍕
  • Structure is Key: Nail the structure with the present conditional of avere or essere plus the main verb’s past participle. Think “I would have gone” becomes “sarei andato” in Italian.
  • Choose Wisely: Avere or essere? Most verbs take avere, but if you’re dealing with movement or reflexive verbs, essere is your buddy. Remember, the past participle agrees with the subject’s gender and number when using essere.
  • Memorize Irregulars: Some verbs just like to be different. Verbs like fare (to do/make) become fatto. Keep a list of these rebels handy for quick reference.
  • Modal Verb Magic: When dealing with volere (to want), potere (to be able to), or dovere (to have to), match the auxiliary verb to the infinitive that follows. “I would have wanted to eat” turns into “avrei voluto mangiare“.
  • Practice with Examples: Dive into examples to get the hang of it. The more you use phrases like “avrei dovuto” (I should have) or “sarebbe potuto” (he/she could have), the more natural it’ll feel.
How to say “you’d better”: Italian grammar lesson

How to say “you’d better”: Italian grammar lesson

Unlock the secrets of saying “you’d better” in Italian like a native! This guide breaks down the nuances of giving advice or warnings with perfect Italian flair. 🇮🇹✨

  • Grasp the basics with Fare meglio a – it’s your go-to for suggesting someone should do something, with the verb fare setting the stage for the action.
  • For a gentle nudge, use È meglio che with the present subjunctive. It’s like offering a friendly piece of advice without being too pushy.
  • When you mean business, Sarà meglio che is your verbal hammer. It’s a warning that packs a punch, so use it when the stakes are high!
  • Keep it chill with conviene. It’s less about ‘should’ and more ‘hey, this is in your best interest’ – a smooth operator for suggesting the smart move.
  • Remember, è and sarà are your anchors in the stormy seas of Italian advice-giving. They don’t change, but the following verb needs to bend to the subjunctive mood.
How to use “a parte” in Italian?

How to use “a parte” in Italian?: Italian grammar lesson 189

Unlock the secrets of the Italian phrase a parte with our insightful guide! Discover how to use this versatile expression to add nuance to your Italian conversations, covering everything from exclusions to separations. 🇮🇹✨

  • Separate the Wheat from the Chaff: Use a parte when you need to distinguish one thing from another. It’s like saying “This is its own thing, folks!” in a fancy Italian way. 🍷
  • Exclusion Express: Feeling exclusive? A parte is your go-to for the Italian “except.” It’s like saying, “You’re all invited… except you, Steve.” Sorry, Steve. 🚫
  • Set Aside the Small Talk: When you want to push something aside, like the wind ruining your hairdo, say vento a parte. It’s your Italian “aside” for those pesky details. 💨
  • Common Phrases are Key: Get cozy with set phrases like a parte il fatto che. It’s like saying, “Aside from the fact that you’re late, your shoelaces are untied.” Double oops. 🤷‍♂️
  • Short and Sweet: Trim the fat with a parte che, the snappier sibling of a parte il fatto che. It’s like saying, “I know nothing, except you’re wrong.” Mic drop. 🎤
What does “giacché” mean in Italian?

What does “giacché” mean: Italian grammar lesson 197

Unlock the secrets of the Italian word giacché and its casual counterpart già che! Dive into the nuances of these expressions that add depth to your Italian conversations, and learn when and how to use them like a native!

  • Meaning Mastery: Get to grips with giacché, the Italian equivalent of ‘since’, ‘because’, or ‘given that’. It’s your go-to for giving reasons or explanations. 📘
  • Pronunciation Pro: Nail the pronunciation of giacché by stressing the –é. Remember, sounding like a local is key! 🗣️
  • Context Counts: Use giacché in formal writing or speech. It’s the polished version that shows you know your stuff. ✍️
  • Speak Like a Native: In casual chat, switch to già che with the stress on the –à. It’s all about blending in with the everyday Italian vibe. 🇮🇹
  • Verb Vibes: Pair già che with essere or esserci for that authentic Italian touch. It’s a combo as classic as pasta and tomato sauce! 🍝
Magari + subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 214

Magari + subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 214

Unlock the secrets of the versatile Italian word magari! Dive into the nuances of expressing wishes and hypotheticals in Italian, and master the art of hopefulness with our guide to using magari with the subjunctive mood. 🌟

  • Wishful Thinking: Use magari when you’re dreaming about a possibility. It’s like crossing your fingers and saying “maybe” with a sprinkle of hope. 🤞
  • Subjunctive Mood: Pair magari with the subjunctive to level up your wish game. It’s the difference between a simple “maybe” and a heartfelt “if only”. 💭
  • Present Wishes: Combine magari with congiuntivo imperfetto for current hopes. It’s your go-to for things you’re still holding out hope for. 🎁
  • Past Regrets: Missed chances? Use magari with congiuntivo trapassato to express that wistful feeling about what could’ve been. 😢
  • Real Examples: Get practical! Apply magari in sentences like “Magari potessi venire!” to express a genuine wish to join in. 📝
  • Emotional Nuance: Feel the mood. Magari isn’t just a word; it’s a vibe. Use it to add emotional depth to your Italian conversations. ❤️
  • Practice Makes Perfect: Don’t just read about it; try it out! Use magari in your daily Italian chit-chat and watch your fluency soar. 🚀
  • Be Bold: Don’t shy away from the subjunctive. Embrace it with magari to sound like a true Italian speaker. 🇮🇹
  • Hopeful Expressions: Remember, magari is all about optimism. Inject your Italian with positivity and watch the world respond in kind. ✨
The past perfect subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 210

The past perfect subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 210

Dive into the depths of Italian grammar with our lesson on the congiuntivo trapassato, the tense for expressing actions that occurred before other past events. Master its usage, conjugation, and the quirks of its accompanying past participles. 🇮🇹✨
  • When to use it: The congiuntivo trapassato is your go-to for discussing past events that preceded other past happenings. Think of it as the time-traveler’s tense in Italian! 🕰️
  • Trigger phrases: Look out for phrases like pensavo che or credevo che. They’re your cue that the congiuntivo trapassato may be just around the corner. 🚦
  • Conjugation is key: Remember, it’s all about the imperfect subjunctive of essere or avere plus the past participle. Get these conjugations down, and you’re golden. 📚
  • Choosing the auxiliary verb: Most verbs cozy up with avere, but essere is the BFF of movement verbs and itself. Choose wisely to avoid a grammar faux pas! 🤝
  • Memorize those participles: Past participles typically end in –ato, –uto, and –ito. But watch out for the sneaky irregulars like aperto or fatto. They’re the rebels of the bunch. 😎
  • Agreement matters: When essere is your helper, past participles must agree in gender and number with the subject. It’s like matching your outfit—everything needs to coordinate! 👗👔
  • Practice with examples: Use sentences like Pensavo che loro fossero partite to see the congiuntivo trapassato in action. It’s like flexing your grammar muscles! 💪
The imperfect subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 209

The imperfect subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 209

Unlock the secrets of the Italian imperfect subjunctive, il congiuntivo imperfetto, and master expressing doubts, wishes, and possibilities like a native! This guide breaks down the rules and gives you the tools to weave this mood into your Italian eloquence.

  • Subjunctive Mood: Get cozy with the congiuntivo, the mood for all your hypotheticals and ‘what-ifs’. It’s not just grammar; it’s the gateway to Italian drama! 🎭
  • Trigger Verbs: Spot verbs like credere and sperare that often cue the subjunctive. They’re like the secret handshake to show you’re in the subjunctive club. 🤝
  • Conjugation Patterns: Conjugation got you confused? Just ditch the -are, -ere, or -ire and add the special subjunctive endings. It’s like a grammar makeover! 💅
  • Time Travel: Mix and match tenses like a pro. Whether it’s present, past, or conditional, the imperfect subjunctive has got your back for all your time-bending sentences. ⏳
  • Irregular Verbs: Tackle those pesky irregulars like essere and fare. They might be rebels, but with a little practice, you’ll have them falling in line. ✊
  • Real-World Examples: Dive into examples that bring the imperfect subjunctive to life. It’s like seeing the grammar in its natural habitat! 🌍
The past subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 208

The past subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 208

Unlock the secrets of the Italian past subjunctive with our guide! Learn the easy way to talk about past hopes, dreams, and doubts in Italian, and get the hang of those tricky irregular past participles. 🇮🇹✨

  • Master the Basics: The past subjunctive (congiuntivo passato) mirrors the present subjunctive but with a twist—it’s all about the past. Just like a time-traveling grammarian! 🕒
  • Conjugation Is Key: Combine essere or avere in the present subjunctive with a past participle. It’s like a grammatical handshake between the present and the past. 🤝
  • Choosing the Helper: Use avere with most verbs, but switch to essere for verbs of movement or changes in state. It’s like picking the right dance partner for the perfect tango. 💃🕺
  • Agreement Matters: With essere, make sure your past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject. It’s like matching your socks—important for looking put together! 🧦
  • Irregulars Alert: Watch out for irregular past participles like aperto or venuto. They’re the rebels of the Italian grammar world. 😎
  • Use It Right: Deploy the past subjunctive after phrases like penso che or spero che to express uncertainty or emotion about the past. It’s like adding spice to your language dish! 🌶️
The subjunctive – irregular verbs: Italian grammar lesson 204

The subjunctive – irregular verbs: Italian grammar lesson 204

Dive into the whimsical world of Italian subjunctive mood! This guide will help you express your deepest desires and doubts with flair, using irregular verbs like a native. Get ready to master the art of hopes, fears, and possibilities in Italian!

  • Subjunctive Mood Basics: The subjunctive is your go-to for anything hypothetical – from dreams to worries. Remember, it’s all about the ‘what ifs’ of life!
  • Irregular Verbs: Just when you thought you had verbs down, the subjunctive throws a curveball with irregulars. But fear not, patterns exist even in the chaos!
  • Conjugation is Key: Get chummy with verbs like essere, andare, and avere. Their subjunctive forms might just be your new best friends.
  • Examples Galore: Context is everything! See how these verbs play out in real sentences, so you can start slipping them into your chit-chat.
  • More Verbs, More Fun: Don’t stop at the basics. Verbs like dare, fare, and stare are waiting to spice up your subjunctive game.
  • Double Trouble: Tackle the double consonants in dovere and sapere. They might seem tricky, but they’ll make your Italian sound super slick.
  • Verb Variety: Mix it up with a cocktail of verbs like bere, dire, and venire. Variety is the spice of language, after all!
  • Practice Makes Perfect: Use these examples as a launchpad and start crafting your own sentences. The more you practice, the more natural it’ll feel!
The subjunctive – regular verbs: Italian grammar lesson 203

The subjunctive – regular verbs: Italian grammar lesson 203

Unlock the secrets of the Italian subjunctive mood! This guide will help you master the congiuntivo presente with ease, impressing even native speakers with your fluency. Dive into the nuances of expressing hopes, desires, and doubts like a true Italian!

  • Subjunctive Basics: The congiuntivo presente is your go-to for anything uncertain or wishful. Don’t sweat the small stuff; Italians will get your point even if you slip up. 😉
  • Conjugation Patterns: Keep the root from the indicative mood, slap on the right endings, and voilà! You’ve got the subjunctive down. For io, tu, and lui/lei, endings are twinsies.
  • Spot the Subjunctive: After phrases like Penso che or Spero che, the subjunctive pops up. Negative statements? Subjunctive’s still your buddy.
  • Trigger Words: Words like prima che (before) and senza che (without) are like a bat-signal for the subjunctive. They just love hanging out together!
  • Real-life Examples: Get your hands dirty with some examples. They’re the bread and butter for nailing the subjunctive. Practice makes perfect, am I right?
Past tense of movement verbs: Italian grammar 188

Past tense of movement verbs: Italian grammar 188

Unlock the secrets of the Italian passato prossimo and master movement verbs with ease! Dive into the nuances of auxiliary verbs and learn how to perfectly match past participles with gender and number. 🇮🇹✨

  • Choose the Right Helper: In Italian, the passato prossimo tense can be a bit of a diva, demanding either avere or essere as its auxiliary. Know which one to pick to avoid a grammar faux pas! 🤷‍♂️
  • Movement Verbs Love Essere: Verbs that get you moving (think andare, venire, uscire) are BFFs with essere. Remember this golden rule, and you’ll sound like a native in no time! 🏃‍♀️
  • Gender and Number Matter: Past participles are like chameleons, changing their endings to match the subject’s gender and number. Don’t mess this up, or you’ll stick out like a sore thumb! 👫
  • Examples Are Your Friends: Get cozy with examples like “Laura è andata al mare” to see how it’s done. Mimic these, and you’ll be flexing your Italian muscles like a pro! 💪
  • Context is King: Using passato prossimo in context is the real deal. Phrases like “I miei genitori sono appena arrivati” will not only boost your grammar but also your confidence. Speak with context, and you’ll be golden! 🏆
How to say “end up doing”: Italian grammar lesson 200

How to say “end up doing”: Italian grammar lesson 200

Unlock the secrets of the Italian verb finire! This guide will teach you how to conjugate it in the present and past, and master its use with different prepositions for nuanced meanings. 🇮🇹✨

  • Conjugation is key: Get to grips with finire in the present tense (io finisco) and the past (io ho finito) to accurately talk about finishing actions.
  • Direct objects: Use finire with a direct object for a straightforward “finish something” (Hai finito la torta?). No extra fluff needed!
  • Preposition “di”: Pair finire di with an infinitive to express “finishing doing something” (abbiamo finito di lavorare). It’s a subtle but important touch.
  • Ending up: Combine finire with con, per, or a to convey the idea of “ending up doing something” – a twist that can add drama to your story!
  • Choose wisely: The preposition you pick with finire can change the game. Whether it’s finire per, finire con, or finire a, each sets a different scene.
  • Express consequences: Use finire a with the auxiliary essere to highlight the outcome of actions, often with a hint of regret (Finirai a fare l’elemosina).
Prima che + subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 212

Prima che + subjunctive: Italian grammar lesson 212

Unlock the secrets of Italian grammar with our guide on “prima che” vs “prima di”! Learn when to use the infinitive or the subjunctive to master the art of saying “before” like a true Italian. 🇮🇹✨

  • Infinitive vs Subjunctive: Use prima di with an infinitive for actions (e.g., prima di uscire – before going out), but switch to prima che plus subjunctive for statements (e.g., prima che tu esca – before you go out).
  • Temporal Conjunction: Remember, prima che is a temporal conjunction showing anteriority. It’s your go-to when combining sentences where one action precedes another.
  • Subjunctive Mood: Always follow prima che with the subjunctive mood, whether it’s present, imperfect, or past. It’s non-negotiable in Italian grammar!
  • Present Subjunctive: Use the present subjunctive for current or future actions that haven’t happened yet (e.g., prima che inizi – before it starts).
  • Past Subjunctive: When referring to actions that could have happened earlier, use the past subjunctive (e.g., prima che uscissi – before you left).
  • Other Conjunctions: Don’t forget, prima che isn’t alone. Other conjunctions like a meno che, sebbene, and nel caso che also demand the subjunctive.
Anche, pure, neanche: Italian grammar lesson 198

How to use “anche”, “pure”, “neanche”: Italian grammar lesson 198

Ready to sound like a local in Italy? Dive into the nuances of using anche and pure to amp up your Italian with that authentic flair. Learn the subtle differences and how to avoid common mistakes with these handy words!

  • Master the basics: Get that Italian conversation flowing smoothly by using anche and pure correctly. They’re your go-to for saying also, as well, and too. 🇮🇹
  • Placement matters: Both words usually come before what they modify. Remember, the position can change the meaning, so think before you speak! 😉
  • Context is key: Saying “Anche io devo andare in banca” means you’re joining the bank-visit bandwagon, while “Io devo andare anche in banca” adds the bank to your to-do list. 🏦
  • Emphasize with pure: Want to add oomph? Use pure for that extra punch. It’s like saying “even” and can show surprise or emphasis. 💥
  • Agree or disagree: Use anche to echo a positive statement (“Anche io!” – Me too!) and neanche to agree with a negative one (“Neanche io!” – Me neither!). 👍👎
  • Add negatives with neanche: When you’re in a negative Nancy mood, use neanche to pile on the negatives without sounding repetitive. “I didn’t eat pasta, nor ice cream.” 🍝❌🍦
To make someone do something: Italian grammar lesson 193

To make someone do something: Italian grammar lesson 193

Unlock the secrets of Italian persuasion! 🗝️ Dive into the art of making someone do something in Italian with our easy-to-follow guide. Master the verb fare, direct and indirect objects, and nail those pronouns like a native! 🇮🇹

  • Verb Basics: Get comfy with fare + infinitive to boss around in Italian. Whether it’s fare mangiare (make eat) or fare ridere (make laugh), you’re in control!
  • Tense Flexibility: Fare can twist and turn through past, present, and future. So whether you made, are making, or will make someone do something, you’ve got this!
  • Pronoun Power: Direct or indirect, pronouns are your pals. They point out who’s doing what, so don’t mix up your lo with your gli – it’s crucial!
  • Indirect Objects: If the verb’s got an object, go indirect. Use gli or le to show who’s being made to do the thing. It’s all about the subtleties.
  • Direct Objects: No object, no problem. Direct pronouns like lo and la will do the trick. Keep it straight – who’s laughing now?
  • Practice Makes Perfect: Feeling overwhelmed? Chill! 🍦 Italian’s a journey, and every mistake is a step forward. Keep at it, and you’ll be persuading with the best of ’em.
  • Handy Combos: Arm yourself with some killer combos like fare capire (make understand) and fare vedere (make see). Impress your Italian buddies with your slick skills!
To let someone do something: Italian grammar lesson 194

To let someone do something: Italian grammar lesson 194

Unlock the secret to Italian fluency with our guide on the causative fare! Learn how to say “let someone do something” like a native, and master the nuances of Italian permission with ease. 🇮🇹✨

  • Causative Fare: Discover how fare + infinitive verb can express both making and letting someone do something in Italian. It’s a game-changer! 🎓
  • Subtle Differences: While English distinguishes between ‘make’ and ‘let’, Italian uses the same structure. Get to grips with context to use it correctly! 🤔
  • Verb Lasciare: Mix it up with lasciare as an alternative to fare when you want to say “let” or “allow” in Italian. Variety is the spice of language! 🌶️
  • Imperative Form: Command attention with the imperative form of fare. Just drop the -re and add the right pronoun to say “let me” as fammi. It’s that simple! 💪
  • Direct vs. Indirect Pronouns: Know your pronouns! Direct object pronouns like fallo and falla differ from indirect ones like fagli and falle. Don’t mix them up! 📚
  • Real-life Examples: Apply what you’ve learned with practical examples. From fammi vedere (let me see) to facci entrare (let us in), you’ll be speaking with confidence! 💬
After doing something: Italian grammar lesson 191

How to say “after doing something”: Italian grammar lesson 191

Dive into the Italian language and master expressing actions that follow another! This guide breaks down the structure of “after doing something” in Italian, teaching you the ins and outs of past participles for both regular and irregular verbs. 🇮🇹✨ – To express “after doing something” in Italian, use dopo followed by avere or essere and the past participle of the main verb. It’s a handy structure for sharing sequential events! – Regular verbs are a breeze! For –are verbs, swap the ending for -ato. Verbs ending in –ere and –ire change to -uto and -ito, respectively. So, mangiare becomes mangiato. Easy peasy! – Irregular verbs? A bit trickier, but most end in -to or -so. Memorize these oddballs like aperto (opened) and bevuto (drunk). They don’t always play by the rules, but they’re worth the effort. – When using avere, the past participle stays masculine singular, ending in -o, regardless of the subject. So, “after eating” is dopo aver mangiato, whether it’s one guy or a group of gals. – With essere, the past participle must agree in gender and number with the subject. This means endings can vary: -o, -a, -i, -e. So, “after she left” is dopo essere partita, but “after they left” is dopo essere partiti. – Remember, practice makes perfect. Start using these structures in your daily Italian conversations, and you’ll sound like a local in no time. Don’t be shy; even making mistakes is part of the learning journey! 🚀
How to say “one’s own”: Italian grammar lesson 199

How to say “one’s own”: Italian grammar lesson 199

Unlock the secrets of using “proprio” in Italian like a native! This guide will teach you to express ownership with flair, and show you the versatile uses of this essential word in various contexts. 🇮🇹✨

  • Gender and Number Agreement: Remember, proprio changes to propria, propri, or proprie to match the gender and number of what it describes. Get this right, and you’ll sound super Italian! 🔄
  • Replacing Possessives: Use proprio to replace suo, sua, suoi, sue (his/her) or loro (their) for a clearer reference, adding that “own” emphasis just like in English. 👌
  • Impersonal Constructions: When it’s about general statements, proprio is your go-to for “one’s own”. It adds that personal touch to impersonal constructions. 💡
  • Article Usage: Usually, proprio cozies up with an article unless it’s post-noun. Keep them together, and you’ll keep your Italian tight and right. 📚
  • More Than Possession: Proprio isn’t a one-trick pony—it can mean “really”, “just”, or “exactly” as an adverb, or “at all” for that negative punch. Versatility for the win! 🎉
How to use “grazie a” and “per colpa di”:Italian grammar lesson 187

How to use “grazie a” and “per colpa di”:Italian grammar lesson 187

Unlock the nuances of Italian blame and gratitude with our guide! Learn how to use “grazie a” for positive vibes and “per colpa di” when pointing fingers. Master these phrases to express emotions like a native! 🇮🇹✨

  • “Grazie a” is your go-to for spreading positivity in Italian. It’s like giving a high-five to someone or something that brought good fortune your way. 🌟
  • Remember, “grazie a” can morph to fit the gender and number of the noun it’s linked to. So, don’t just memorize; understand the rules to avoid awkward mix-ups! 📚
  • Flip the script with “per colpa di” when you need to call out the culprit behind a mishap. It’s the Italian way of saying, “You had one job!” with a side-eye. 😒
  • Watch how “per colpa di” changes its form to match the gender and number of the noun. It’s like Italian grammar’s way of making sure the blame sticks correctly. 🔍
  • Get personal with blame using possessive adjectives. Drop the preposition and go straight for the jugular with “per colpa mia”, “tua”, or “loro”. It’s confession time! 🤷‍♂️
Italian adjectives: Italian grammar lesson 196

Italian adjectives: Italian grammar lesson 196

Dive into the Italian language and master adjectives ending in -bile! Learn how these words express potential and capability, and discover the simple trick to forming their opposites with prefixes like in-, im-, and ir-. – Recognize Patterns: Spot Italian adjectives with the -bile ending. They’re akin to English adjectives ending in -able or -ible, making them a breeze to remember! 🧠 – Understand Meaning: These adjectives describe the potential or ability to possess a certain quality. Words like possibile (possible) are your clues to their capability-focused nature. 💡 – Form Opposites: Flip the meaning with prefixes! Add in- to most adjectives, but switch to im- for those starting with p or m, and ir- for those with an initial r. 🔄 – Exceptions to the Rule: Remember, im- is the go-to for adjectives beginning with p or m. Don’t mix them up, or you’ll get some puzzled looks! 😜 – Practice Makes Perfect: Take the first five adjectives from the list and try forming their opposites. It’s a great exercise to get the hang of these prefixes. 📝 – Expand Your Vocabulary: Challenge yourself to convert more adjectives into their negative forms. It’s a fun way to boost your Italian word bank! 🚀 – Watch Out for Sensible: Don’t get tripped up! Sensibile means sensitive, not sensible. For that, you’ll want to use sensato. A little quirk to keep in mind! 😉
Nothing to do – da + infinitive verb: Italian grammar lesson 182

Nothing to do – da + infinitive verb: Italian grammar lesson 182

Unlock the secrets of the Italian language with the versatile “da + infinitive” construction! Learn how to express necessity, potential, and consequences like a native speaker. 🇮🇹✨

  • Grasp the Basics: The “da + infinitive” form is your go-to for saying what needs to be done. It’s like the English “to be + participle” but way cooler in Italian!
  • Express Necessity: When you’ve got something that needs doing, “da fare” is your phrase. It’s like saying, “Hey, this needs attention!” but in Italian style. 🛠️
  • Highlight Potential: Use “da + infinitive” to talk about what can be done. It’s perfect when you’re eyeing that last slice of pizza and thinking, “da mangiare” (that can be eaten). 🍕
  • Convey Consequences: Not just for necessity, “da + infinitive” can also show the result of something. Think “da ridere” for a joke so good, it’ll have everyone laughing! 😂
  • Practical Usage: When you’re stuck in a queue, remember “da aspettare” to remind yourself there’s a wait involved. It’s the Italian way of saying, “Patience is a virtue.” 🕰️
  • Travel Tips: Visiting Tuscany? Say “Lucca è una città da vedere” to sound like a savvy traveler who knows the must-visit spots. 🗺️
Any, anything, anyone, anywhere: Italian grammar lesson 181

Any, anything, anyone, anywhere: Italian grammar lesson 181

Unlock the secrets of the Italian language by mastering the word “any”! Learn to express “anything,” “anyone,” and “anywhere” like a native speaker with our easy-to-follow guide. 🇮🇹✨

  • Qualunque and qualsiasi are your go-to words for “any” in Italian, perfectly interchangeable and super versatile. 🔄
  • When you’re talking about “anyone,” drop chiunque into your sentence to sound like a true Italian. 👥
  • For “anything,” just add cosa to qualunque or qualsiasi, and you’re golden. It’s that simple! 🌟
  • Feeling wanderlust? Express “anywhere” with either ovunque or dovunque to capture that Italian spirit of adventure. 🌍
  • Discover the nuance: when qualunque or qualsiasi follow a noun, they take on a slightly pejorative tone, implying something is just run-of-the-mill. 📉
  • Remember, qualunque and qualsiasi are typically used with singular nouns, but can tag along after plurals to mix things up. 📚
  • Lastly, don’t forget comunque, the handy “anyway” of Italian, proving that the “-unque” suffix is a real MVP in your language toolkit. 💪
How to say “because of”: Italian grammar lesson 186

How to say “because of”: Italian grammar lesson 186

Master the Italian art of explaining reasons with this guide! Learn the nuances between “per via di” and “a causa di” to express “because of” in Italian like a native. 🇮🇹✨

  • Two Synonyms:per via di” and “a causa di” are your go-to phrases for “because of” in Italian. They’re pretty much interchangeable, but pick up on their subtle vibes to sound like a true Italian. 😉
  • Neutral vs Negative: Use “per via di” when you’re just stating facts, no drama. Save “a causa di” for when you want to hint that you’re not thrilled about the outcome. 🙄
  • Blame Game: Feeling a bit salty? “A causa di” is perfect when you’re pointing fingers at the weather for ruining your plans. 🌧️😤
  • Article Alert: Got a definite article in the mix? Morph “di” into a “preposizione articolata” like “del” or “della” to keep things grammatically slick. 📚✨
  • Indefinite Simplicity: If you’re using an indefinite article, keep “di” as is. No need to complicate things, right? 🤷‍♂️
To manage to/to be able to: Italian grammar lesson 185

To manage to/to be able to: Italian grammar lesson 185

Dive into the nuances of the Italian verb riuscire, and master expressing your triumphs (or the occasional flop) in the beautiful language of Italy. From conjugation to context, this guide has you covered!

  • Conjugate with Confidence: Riuscire is the go-to verb for boasting success. Nail its irregular pattern, similar to uscire, and you’ll be saying “I manage” like a native!
  • Past Tense Power: Pair riuscire with essere to recount your victories (or admit defeat) in the past. Remember, the participle changes with gender and number!
  • Preposition Perfection: Always couple riuscire with “a” when followed by another verb. It’s like saying “manage to” in English, but with Italian flair!
  • Shortcut with “Ci”: Avoid sounding like a broken record. Use “ci” before riuscire to keep things fresh and avoid repeating yourself. It’s slick, it’s quick, it’s Italian efficiency! 😉
  • Embrace the Negative: When riuscire goes negative, it’s not all doom and gloom. It’s just the Italian drama of saying you’re throwing in the towel because something’s just not happening.
Prepositions “with” and “from”: Italian grammar lesson 180

Prepositions “with” and “from”: Italian grammar lesson 180

Dive into the intricacies of Italian prepositions with this enlightening guide! Learn how to seamlessly combine prepositions like con and da with articles to master the art of Italian speech and writing.

  • Prepositions Basics: Get to grips with essential Italian prepositions like di, a, da, in, con, su, per, tra, and fra. They’re the glue in your sentence structure! 📚
  • Article Agreement: Remember, articles like il, lo, la, i, gli, and le change based on gender and number. They’re crucial for sounding like a native! 👌
  • The ‘Con’ Conundrum: Con can mean with, by means of, or through. It sometimes fuses with articles to become col or coi, but it’s not a must-do. Flexibility is key! 😎
  • Da Rules: Unlike con, da always hooks up with articles. No exceptions! Learn combos like dal, dall’, dalla, dallo, dai, dalle, and dagli to avoid slip-ups. 🚀
  • Practice with Examples: Use the provided sentences to practice. Whether it’s going out with friends or looking from a window, context is everything. Get those examples rolling! 🤓
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